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Course: B. Pharmacy 2nd Semester/ 1st Year |
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Name of Subject: Biochemistry Theory |
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Subject Code: BP203T |
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Contents of the Topics |
Learning objectives | Teaching guidelines | Methodology | Time (Hrs) |
| 1 | Carbohydrate metabolism Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD) Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus |
(At the end of the session the student should be able to)
Explained the metabolism of Carbohydrates in physiological and pathological conditions. Explained various metabolic pathways like Glycolytic, Citric Acid Cycle, HMP Shunt and Glycogen metabolic pathway etc. |
Definition, Importance, |
Instructive
Power point presentation
Tutorials |
6 |
| 2 | Biological oxidation Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism. Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate level phosphorylation Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers |
Explained the complete oxidation of biomolecules through biological oxidation / electron transport chain.
Explain the mechanism of oxidative phosphosrylation |
Stages of oxidation, redox potentials, enzymes & coenzymes, high energy compounds, organization of ET chain, sites of ATP synthesis, regulate & inhibitors . |
Didactic Power point presentation Group discussion |
4 |
| 3 | Lipid metabolism β-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid) Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid) Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity. |
Described the metabolism of fatty acids in physiological and pathological conditions.
Described the synthesis and β-oxidation of fatty acids and cholesterol |
Preparative steps for beta oxidation,beta oxidation steps,Energetics,Regulation. Metabolism of ketone bodies,ketogenesis,ketolysis,ketosis,causes,consequences,management of ketoacidosis Functions of cholesterol, structure,biosymthesis steps,excretion. Classification of lipoproteins Risk factors & prevention of diseases. |
Instructive Power point presentation Group discussion |
4 |
| 4 | Amino acid metabolism General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia) Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice |
Described the metabolism of amino acids in physiological and pathological conditions.
Described the Catabolism of amino acids Discussed the synthesis and significance of biological substances Described the catabolism of heme etc. |
General metabolism of amino-acids,transamination,biological & clinical significance,pathways for deamination,detoxification of ammonia.steps of urea cycle,regulaton,disorders. Steps of catabolism,products from tyrosine,clinical applications of melanin,Diseases-their clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment Functions of heme,structure,biosynthesis,regulation,disorders,generation of bilirubin,disorders hyperbilirubinemias. |
Didactic Power point presentation Tutorials |
6 |
| 5 | Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease Organization of mammalian genome Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions DNA replication (semi conservative model) Transcription or RNA synthesis Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors |
Explained the genetic organization of mammalian genome and functions of DNA in the synthesis of RNAs and proteins | Composition of nucleotides,bases present in nucleic acids,biosynthesis of purines nucleotides,salvage pathway,degradation Gout,types,treatment
Watson-crick model of DNA,denaturation of DNA strands,steps of replication,Repair mechanism,RNA types,transcription process steps,reverse transcriptase. |
Didactic Power point presentation Group discussion |
10 |
| 6 | Biomolecules Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins. |
Discussed about molecular levels of the chemical process associated with living cells | Functions, nomenclature, types, reactions, clinical applications |
Power point presentation
Group discussion
Tutorials |
4 |
| 7 | Bioenergetics Concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reaction, Relationship between free energy, enthalpy and entropy; Redox potential. Energy rich compounds; classification; biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP |
Explained the concept of bioenergetics. Discus about biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP |
Active site of enzyme, thermodynamic reactions,enzyme kinetics, factors. | Didactic
Power point presentation |
4 |
| 8 | Enzymes Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot) Enzyme inhibitors with examples Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric enzymes regulation Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes Coenzymes –Structure and biochemical functions |
Described the catalytic role of enzymes. Know the importance of enzyme inhibitors in design of new drugs. Explain the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes. |
Enzymes,characteristics,classification,coenzymes,salient features,mode of action,active site,enzyme kinetics,specificity of enzymes. Isoenzymes, identification,clinical enzymology |
Instructive
Power point presentation
Class discussion |
7
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